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The Cabo da Roca Lighthouse ((ポルトガル語:Farol de Cabo da Roca)) is a beacon/lighthouse located above the Atlantic Ocean, on Portugal's (and continental Europe's) most westerly extent (Cabo da Roca). It is located in the civil parish of Colares, in the municipality of Sintra, situated on a promontory that juts out into the ocean, made up of granite boulders and interspersed limestone. It is a third-order lighthouse, which originally began operating in 1772. It was the first new purpose-built lighthouse to be constructed in the country: the older lighthouses in existence at that time, were constructed on existing platforms or from pre-existing beacons. ==History== The initiative to construct the lighthouse came from the ''Junta Geral da Fazenda do Reino'' on 1 February 1758, in an order to construct six lighthouses strategically throughout the country to assist navigation.〔 Cabo da Roca lighthouse began operating in 1772, becoming the third oldest lighthouse along the Portuguese coast.〔 During the management of civil engineer Gaudêncio Fontana (1843), the lighthouse was updated with a new rotation platform, comprising sixteen Argand lamps with parabolic reflectors.〔 Yet, by 1865, there were critics of the system, noting the inefficiency of the lighthouse. Over time this was addressed by the installation of a blow-horn signal and the renovation to electric-powered machines.〔 The "electrical" lighthouse began functioning in 1897, with a system that included a backup petroleum lamp.〔 The main unit was a fourth-order optical system, with rotational platform and clock mechanism, and was paired with a steam siren.〔 In 1917 a building was constructed to produce the acetylene gas necessary to power a new lamp system.〔 The siren was replaced in 1932 by a compressed air blow-horn, while a lighthouse radio system was installed in 1937.〔 During the post-World War era a new fourth-order optical system replaced the older mechanism, but was quickly substituted by a third-order lamp with a 3000 Watt lamp. At the end of the 1940s, the site was reached by public water and sewage.〔 During the mid-1950s, the ''Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGEMN)'' (''General Directorate for Buildings and National Monuments''), and its ''Serviços de Construcção e Conservação'' (''Construction and Conservation Service'') branch, was responsible for periodical conservation and maintenance of the lighthouse: in 1956 a renovation was undertaken.〔 It was only in 1980 when the electrical grid reached the site, resulting in the 1982 installation of an electrical siren.〔 By 1990, the lighthouse was automated and the acetylene production facility was closed.〔 In 2000, the electrical siren ceased to function, and the following year, the radio system was deactivated.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cabo da Roca Lighthouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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